E N H D I S P U T E S

About

Dr. Enikő Horváth is an independent counsel specializing in international dispute settlement and public international law. She has advised or represented sovereign and private parties in more than 30 investment arbitrations, in commercial and inter-State arbitrations, and before the European Court of Human Rights. Her experience spans a variety of applicable laws and sectors including energy, mining, infrastructure, financial services, telecommunications, intellectual property, and real estate. She routinely advises on a range of public international law issues, including the law of treaties, State responsibility, international privileges and immunities, the law of international organizations, and human rights matters.

In addition to her work as counsel and consultant, Enikő accepts appointments as arbitrator in international commercial arbitrations and investment arbitrations.

Enikő holds a PhD in Comparative, International and European Law. Before 2025, she was a national partner at Dechert and prior thereto held various positions at Cleary Gottlieb, in New York and Paris. She has been recognized for her expertise in international arbitration and public international law by Who’s Who Legal and The Legal 500.

Enikő is admitted to the bar in New York (United States) and Paris (France) and as a solicitor in England and Wales.

Representative Matters

- Georgia in an ICSID arbitration under the Georgia-Azerbaijan bilateral investment treaty relating to an investment in the telecommunications sector (ICSID Case No. ARB/20/44).

- The Hellenic Republic in an ICSID annulment proceeding arising from an arbitration under the Hellenic Republic-Lebanon bilateral investment treaty relating to investments in a shipyard (ICSID Case No. ARB/16/20).

- The Plurinational State of Bolivia in an UNCITRAL arbitration under the US-Bolivia bilateral investment treaty relating to an investment in the mining sector.

- The Hellenic Republic in an ICSID arbitration under the Cyprus-Hellenic Republic bilateral investment treaty relating to measures taken to address the Hellenic Republic’s financial and sovereign debt crisis (ICSID Case No. ARB/17/4).

- The Republic of Austria in an ICSID arbitration under the Austria-Malta bilateral investment treaty relating to an investment in the banking services sector (ICSID Case No. ARB/15/32).

- The Hellenic Republic in an ICSID annulment proceeding arising from an arbitration under the Cyprus-Hellenic Republic bilateral investment treaty relating to measures taken to address the Hellenic Republic’s financial and sovereign debt crisis (ICSID Case No. ARB/14/16).

- The Hellenic Republic in an ICSID arbitration under the Cyprus-Hellenic Republic bilateral investment treaty relating to measures taken to address the Hellenic Republic’s financial and sovereign debt crisis (ICSID Case No. ARB/14/16).

- The Hellenic Republic in an ICSID arbitration under the Hellenic Republic-Slovak Republic and the Hellenic Republic-Cyprus bilateral investment treaties relating to sovereign bonds (ICSID Case No. ARB/13/8).

- A European State in twelve UNCITRAL arbitrations under a treaty relating to investments in the real estate sector.

- A European State in an ICC arbitration under a bilateral investment treaty relating to an investment in the banking services sector.

- Georgia in an UNCITRAL arbitration under the Energy Charter Treaty relating to the termination of a production sharing contract.

- The Republic of Tatarstan and its Ministry of Land Property Relations in an UNCITRAL arbitration under the Russia-Ukraine bilateral investment treaty relating to an investment in a refinery.

- OJSC Tatneft in an UNCITRAL arbitration under the Russia-Ukraine bilateral investment treaty relating to an investment in a refinery, and in the ensuing annulment and enforcement proceedings.

- OAO Gazprom in an UNCITRAL arbitration under the Russia-Lithuania bilateral investment treaty relating to the forced divestiture of natural gas transmission operations and assets.

- The Russian Federation in three parallel UNCITRAL arbitrations under the Energy Charter Treaty, and in the ensuing annulment proceedings before the Hague District Court.

- Agfa-Gevaert Group in five separate ICC arbitrations in connection with disputes arising out of the carve-out and divestiture of its former consumer imaging division.

- A Belgian company in an ICC arbitration in connection with a trademark dispute with a German company.

- A Brazilian company and several pension funds in an ICC arbitration in connection with a dispute over control of a telecommunications company.

- A Japanese company in an ICC arbitration in connection with a joint venture and technology dispute with a German company.

- The Republic of Iraq in an ICC arbitration against the Republic of Türkiye under intergovernmental agreements governing the operation of transnational oil pipelines and related facilities (ICC Case No. 20273/AGF/ZF/AYZ/ELU).

- Individual applicants in proceedings before the European Court of Human Rights concerning interference with rights under the European Convention on Human Rights and its Protocols.

- The Republic of Slovenia in Grand Chamber proceedings before the European Court of Human Rights in a dispute concerning liabilities arising out of the former Socialist Republic of Yugoslavia’s guarantee of foreign currency deposits.

- Advice on the establishment and subsequent restructuring of an international organization in connection with the European debt crisis.

- Advice to a European international organization on the creation of an Administrative Tribunal, including the drafting of its Rules of Procedure.

- Advice to a Middle Eastern State on the establishment of an intergovernmental organization for the advancement of a green economy, including the drafting of the treaty governing the organization.

- Advice on the merger of two international organizations.

- Advice on the reorganization of a European telecommunications organization.

- Advice on the reorganization of a treaty-based company.

- Advice on the validity and legality under public international law of decisions by the United Nations Interim Administration in Kosovo (UNMIK).

- Advice to a European State on the legal risks of the liberalization of capital controls under the European Convention on Human Rights.

- Advice on the (re)structuring of investments to benefit from, or improve, investment treaty protections.

- Advice on potential investment treaty claims against various European and CIS States.

- Advice on potential remedies against the conduct of specific international organizations.

- Advice on potential claims under the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union, the European Convention on Human Rights and its Protocols, the American Convention on Human Rights and its Protocols and before UN treaty bodies.

- Advice in connection with and drafting of Comments for the Office of the Prosecutor of the International Criminal Court on its Draft Policy On The Crime Of Gender Persecution Under The Rome Statute (with the Public International Law & Policy Group and other pro bono law firm partners, 2022).

- Advice in connection with the preparation of Amicus Curiae observations in the International Criminal Court case The Prosecutor v. Dominic Ongwen (for the Public International Law & Policy Group, 2021).

- Report on Gender-Based Violence Laws in Sub-Saharan Africa (for the African Affairs Committee of the New York City Bar (co-author), 2007).

Qualifications

EUROPEAN UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE, Florence, Italy
Ph.D., Comparative, European and International Law
2006

COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF LAW, New York, USA
J.D.
2004

UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD, Oxford, UK
M.St., European Literature (German)
2001

COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY, New York, USA
B.A., English and Political Science, summa cum laude
2000

Languages

Hungarian (native)

English (fluent)

German (fluent)

French (fluent)

Italian (proficient)

Spanish (basic)

Professional and Academics

Professional and Academic Activities

- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Panel Discussion on General International Law in International Investment Law, Berlin, November 3, 2024

- Queen Mary University of London, Le Café des Arbitres, Arbitration In Wartime, Paris, June 19, 2023

- Vienna Arbitration Days, The Road Less Travelled: Alternative Paths For the Resolution of Disputes, Vienna, May 12, 2023

- Paris Arbitration Week, Investment Protection In The European Union: Arbitration And Its Alternatives, Paris, March 30, 2023

- 4th Dispute Resolution Forum of the Energy Community, Navigating Through Crises – Speeding Up The Energy Transition, Protecting Investments, Vienna, October 4, 2022

- Dutch Arbitration Day, Fraud and Corruption in Arbitration, Amsterdam, June 22, 2022

- University of Vienna, Conference on General International Law in International Investment Law (Authors’ Workshop), Virtual/Vienna, April 28, 2022

- Vienna International Arbitral Centre/Hungarian Arbitration Association: VIAC Rules Revision 2021 – Perspectives From Hungary, Budapest, November 23, 2021

- Articles 13 to 15 of the ILC’s Articles on Responsibility of States for Internationally Wrongful Acts in Commentary on General International Law in International Investment Law, M. Waibel and A. Kulick, eds. (Oxford University Press) (with C. Annacker) (2024)

- Environmental Counterclaims in Investment Treaty Arbitration – Status Quo And The Way Forward, Austrian Yearbook on International Arbitration (with P. Theodoropoulos) (2024)

- Does it Still Make Sense to Speak of Being “Pro” Arbitration? in Pro-Arbitration Revisited: A Tribute to Professor George Bermann, K. Duggal et al., eds. (Juris) (2023)

- The Concept of ‘Investment’ in the Digital Economy: The Case of Social Media Companies, The Journal of World Investment & Trade, 20(4), 577 (with S. Klinkmüller) (2019)

- ‘Alles oder Nichts’? The Outer Boundaries of the German Citizenship Debate, International Journal of Constitutional Law (ICON) 8(1), 72 (with R. Rubio-Marín) (2010)

- A művelődéshez való jog [The Right to Education] in Az Alkotmány kommentárja [Commentary on the Hungarian Constitution], A. Jakab, ed. (Századvég) (2009)

- Mandating Identity: Citizenship, Kinship Laws and Plural Nationality in the European Union (Kluwer Law International) (2008)

- The Many Faces of Minority Protection in the European Union in Synergies in Minority Protection: European and International Law Perspectives, K. Henrard and R. Dunbar, eds. (Cambridge University Press) (with B. de Witte) (2008)

- Legal Status and Cultural Identity. Or, the Return of the Right to Have (Particular) Rights in Cultural Human Rights, F. Francioni and M. Scheinin, eds. (Brill) (2008)

- Cultural Politics and the European Union in The Transformation of the Hungarian Legal Order 1985-2005, A. Jakab, P. Takács and A.F. Tatham, eds. (Kluwer Law International) (2007). In Hungarian: A kulturális politika és az Európai Unió in A magyar jogrendszer átalakulása 1985/90-2005 [The Transformation of the Hungarian Legal Order 1985/90-2005], A. Jakab and P. Takács, eds. (ELTE ÁJK - Gondolat) (2007)